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Persuasive Problem Solution Essay Topics

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Essay --

Hikmat Hikmat: Hikmat adalah sikap yang bijaksana dalam menghadapi suatu masalah. Orang yang memiliki hikmat dapat menyelesaikan masalahnya dengan baik. Tidak semua orang yang dapat melakukan hikmat karena ketika orang ketika menghadapi masalah kebanyakan diantara mereka mudah menyerah dan putus asa, mereka memilih untuk mundur dari pada tetap mempertahankannya. Orang yang memiliki atau mempunyai hikmat maka ia dapat mencapai keberhasilan dan mendapatkan apa yang ia mau. Dengan perjuangan orang dapat melakukan apa yang tidak bisa. Saya memilih salah satu orangyang memiliki hikmat yaitu Jackie Chan, karena ketika ia menghadapi masalah ia dapat menyelesaikannya dengan baik dan tidak mudah untuk menyerah. Jackie Chan memiliki bela diri atau kung fu yang baik ia selalu berlatih dengan keras dan tidak mudah untuk menyerah atau mundur. Ia adalah orang yang terkenal dalam bela diri. Ia orang yang terkenal dan ia primary di beberapa film, ia adalah pemain yang ada di layar lebar dunia. Saat film dimainkan selalu ada perjuangan dan semangat untuk menolong orang, ketika ia mendapat missi ia selalu part hasil yang baik dan memuaskan. Ia selalu melatih bela dirinya agar ia dapat menguasainya dengan baik. Jackie Chan pernah membuat beberapa lagu dan pernah memainkan beberapa musik. Orang yang memiliki rasa hikmat ia tidak mudah untuk mundur begitu saja karena dengan ia meneruskan apa yang ia inginkan maka ia akan mencapai tujuannya. Orang yang mudah menyerah atau putus asa maka ia akan undur dan tidak dapat mencapai apa yang ia mau dan semua usahanya akan terlewat begitu saja dan gagal. Orang yang memiliki rasa hikmat memiliki semangat juang yang tingi untuk menhadapi masalah. Seberapa besar masalah yang ... ...ihat agama, suku, ras, dan budaya mereka. Marilah menjadi rakyat yang against rasis. Jika kita menginginkan negara yang aman dan damai, marilah wujudkan impian itu bersama. Jangan hanya bergantung kepada satu pihak. Semua orang termasuk kita, semuanya bertanggungjawab untuk menjaga kedamaian negeri ini. Jangan sampai kita menyia-nyiakan usaha Gusdur yang luar biasa itu. Milikilah hikmat seperti Gusdur yang dapat mengubahkan negara. Mungkin kita berpikir ,†kita kan bukan pemerintah, bagaimana bisa membawa dampak?† Sebenanrya bisa saja jika kita mau. Jika kamu merasa terlalu berat untuk membuat negara ini damai, ubahlah lingkunganmu supaya menjadi damai. Jika kamu merasa terlalu sulit untuk mengubah dunia, ubahlah negaramu. Jika hal tersebut masih terlalu sulit, coba ubahlah lingkunganmu. Jika itu masih terlalu sulit, cobalah ubah dirimu menjadi seseorang yang lebih baik

Paleolithic Free Essays

Our class will be going outside to attempt to assist us with understanding Paleolithic occasions. We will encounter the world as Paleolithic individuals did †bringing just what we can convey, having no changeless sanctuaries, making our own craft from the materials around us and making sense of the best spot to remain. For this action, we will expect that you are going in a little family bunch that Is a piece of a bigger gathering of 31. We will compose a custom exposition test on Paleolithic or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now You can be with either two others or work with an accomplice, deeply speaking family gathering. It was ordinary of Paleolithic occasions that related center family gatherings would combine o structure a bigger gathering. This â€Å"family† would cooperate to assemble food and ensure one another. The gathering was typically somewhere in the range of 15 and 30 individuals, however littler and bigger gatherings existed. As they voyaged, distinctive family gatherings would meet to trade products that they had made and they likely shared Information about the nearby condition. Youngsters likely moved between bunches so as to share aptitude (a gathering with a few craftsmen may trade a craftsman for a talented tracker) or to address the issues of the two gatherings (a gathering with additional guys may send some to another gathering in return for merchandise or administrations). After some time, the bigger gathering size took into consideration some particular jobs to create. Most of individuals in the gathering would gracefully nourishment for everybody, giving a few people leisure time. For example, a strict pioneer, craftsman or master skilled worker may gracefully the group’s profound or innovative needs as opposed to chasing or child rearing. Ladies could take on an influential position in the gathering. Ladies who accumulated plants and chased for little creatures much of the time provided the greater part of the nourishment for the gathering. In their job as moms, they were shielded from the most hazardous errands, for example, chasing or partaking In fights with foes. Rather, these kinds of assignments would be left to the â€Å"extra† guys (the youthful and unattached men who were not yet In strict, creative or experts jobs). Your assignment is to envision yourself as a major aspect of Paleolithic occasions and to finish the accompanying undertakings. Your instructor will watch that you are done in any event Number 1 and Number 2 preceding the finish of the period: 1. Utilize the guide you have been given to choose where you will camp and have in any event one individual in your center family bunch record your reasons in the space gave. Consider the needs and needs of your gathering notwithstanding the topography of the territory n your choice. . Utilizing the canvas, sucks, margarine blade and string, make a steady safe house. It will be 3. Utilizing the displaying earth (which we are imagining is characteristic dirt or delicate stone), cut a Paleolithic figure and spot it at the entryway of your sanctuary. 4. As a gathering or pair, clar ify what you figure the day by day life of Paleolithic individuals may have been similar to by making a day by day course of events to clarify what your family would do at your campground between the time you woke up and the time you rested. Attempt to incorporate the difficulties you confronted today, for example, climate, collaboration, and so on. As far as you can tell. The most effective method to refer to Paleolithic, Papers

Crime and Hand Unemployment Rate - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5989 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION Crime is an offense against the values system of a social and has always plagued every society in human history. It is a wrongdoing classified by the state or the parliament of the country or law of the land. The cost and effect of crime vary among the various segments of the population and touch almost everyone by some degree in general as the economic growth and development of countries changes. There is no doubt that crime conflicts enormous monetary and physiological cost on society. Many contemporary macro-level theories of criminal behavior and empirical studies pf crime rates address the relationship between economic factor and crime. Relationship between economic circumstances such as wage inflation and unemployment to criminal activity is the main subject matter of this study. Wage inflation and unemployment taken as predictors of crime rates. Unemployment and inflation are two intricately linked economic concept. In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time and it is also erosion in the purchasing power of money. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Crime and Hand Unemployment Rate" essay for you Create order And unemployment occurs when a person is able to and willing to work but currently without work. Unemployment is usually measured using the unemployment rate which is defined as the percentage of those in the labor for who are unemployed. One causes of unemployment is inflation. Over the years there has been a number of economists trying to interpret the relationship between the concepts of inflation and unemployment. This relationship is also known as the Phillips curve. Phillips curve is an inverse relationship between rate of unemployment and rate of increase in money wages. The higher the rate of unemployment, the lower the rate of wage inflation. In other words, there is a tradeoff between wage inflation and unemployment lead to a problem that individual do such a thing just to endure it. It means that if you are unemployed you will do anything to earn and to survive for everyday living. For this, some people tend to commit crimes especially crime against property. It is a common observation of many countries that unemployment rates and all crime rates are positively associated but negatively in the wage inflation. It is more continues issue within this association means that unemployment causes crime. The determining factor for crime rates are wage inflation and unemployment. When inflation occurs, many people are employed that result to a lowest possible crime rates. But as unemployment occurs, there is a wage deflation that’s why people are committing different criminal activities. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The National Capital Region (NCR) is the center of Luzon, also called as Metro Manila, is often and considered as the political, economic, social and cultural center of Philippines. It is subdivided into 17 local government area- 16 cities and is municipalities. Metro Manila is composed of almost all the cultural groups of the Philippines. The principal Language used is tagalong with English as the secondary language. Metro Manila is considered the country’s premiers business region with adequate facilities and services in transportation, housing and commercial infrastructure, communication, power supply and recreational facilities. It has world-class malls and commercial center. Its total land area of 6, 3610 sq. m includes residential, industrial, institutional and agricultural areas and unclassified public forests. In 2000, the regions population was 10, 492,000 which increases to more than 13 million during daytime due to a large workforce residing in the area residing in the area adjoining the metropolis but working in the city. In the national capital region crime perceived as one of the problem in the area. Crime offers a way in which improvished p eople can obtain material goods that they cannot attain through legitimate means. Crime has been with us from the very beginning, it has never cease the disturb mens living together. The overriding determining factor for crime rates are inflation and unemployment rate. In the other hand unemployment rate increased in the eight regions, with NCR recording the highest increase. NCR unemployment rate increase from 19. 7% up to 22. 5% a year ago. Same as there’s an increased in the inflation of NCR from 144 to 148. 4% and last the index crime rate of NCR rose from the 80. 2% up to 81. 9% by the year of 2008. Inflation destroys the value of money. We work for money so in effect money represents our labor. When the money we work for destroyed through no fault of our own, all the work or labor we put forth to earn, the money also destroyed. When unemployment occurs people are being rubbed of their labor and feel that a wrong has been committed against them. Under such circumstances people are much more likely to commit wrong against other people which cause crime rates to rise. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The main objective of this research study is to analyze and determine the effect of inflation and unemployment rate on index crime rate, case of National Capital Region by year 1989-2008. The specific objectives of the study also focus on the following areas; * Determine how wage inflation affect unemployment rate * To estimate the impact of economic variables on the recorded crime rate. * To use important policy making on assessment purposes * Aims to provide information advice and guidance toward implementation of policies which can genuinely reduce the inflation rate especially the wage inflation and unemployment as well as index crime rate. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The following theories will provide the idea regarding the subject matter of the study. These theories are the Philips curve and rational choice theory. Philips curve was proposed by A. W. Philips, it was established by year 1958; is an inverse relationship between the rate of unemployment and the rate of increase in money wages. The higher the rate of unemployment, the lower the rate of wage inflation. In other words, there is a trade-off between wage inflation and unemployment. The Philips curve shows that the rate of wage inflation decreases with the employment rate. Letting Wtbe the wage this period, Wt+1 be the wage next period. The rate of wage inflation, Gw, is define as: Gw= Wt+1-WtWt Wages will start rising, pricing too will rise and eventually the economy will return to the full employment level of output and unemployment. This point can be readily seen by rewriting the equation, using the definition of rate of wage inflation, in order to look at the levels of wage today relative to the past level. Rational Choice Theory is an approach used by social scientists to understand human behavior. The approach has long been the dominant paradigm in economics, but in recent decades it has become more widely used in other disciplines such as Sociology, Political Science, and Anthropology. This spread of the rational choice approach beyond conventional economic issues is discussed by Becker (1976), Radnitzky and Bernholz (1987), Hogarth and Reder (1987), Swedberg (1990), and Green and Shapiro (1996). Rational choice theory, also known as  choice theory  or  rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often  formally modeling social and economic behavior  It is the main theoretical  paradigm  in the currently-dominant school of  microeconomics. Rationality (wanting more rather than less of a good) is widely used as an assumption of the behavior of individuals in microeconomic models and analysis and appears in almost all economics textbook treatments of human decision-making. It is also central to some of modern  political science  and is used by some scholars in other disciplines such as  sociology and  philosophy. It is the same as  instrumental rationality, which involves seeking the most cost-effective means to achieve a specific goal without reflecting on the worthiness of that goal. Gary Becker  was an early proponent of applying rational actor models more widely. He won the 1992  Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences  for his studies of discrimination, crime, and  human capital. The rationality described by rational choice theory is different from the colloquial and most philosophical uses of the word. For most people, rationality means sane, in a thoughtful clear headed manner, or knowing and doing whats healthy in the long term. Rational choice theory uses a specific and narrower definition of rationality simply to mean that an individual acts  as if  balancing costs against benefits to arrive at action that maximizes personal advantage. ]  For example, this may involve kissing someone, cheating on a test, using cocaine, or murdering someone. In rational choice theory, all decisions, crazy or sane, are postulated as mimicking such a rational process. The practitioners of strict rational choice theory never investigate the origins, nature, or validity of human motivations (why we want what we want) but instead restrict themselves to examining the expression of  given  and inexplicable wants in specific social or economic environments. That is, they do not examine the biological, psychological, and sociological roots that make people see the  benefits  encouraging them to kiss another, cheat on a test, use cocaine, or murder someone. Instead, all that is relevant are the costs of doing so which for crimes, reflects the chance of being caught. In rational choice theory, these costs are only  extrinsic  or external to the individual rather than being  intrinsic  or internal. That is, strict rational choice theory would not see a criminals self-punishment by inner feelings of remorse, guilt, or shame as relevant to determining the costs of committing a crime. In general, rational choice theory does not address the role of an individuals sense of morals or ethics in decision-making. Because rational choice theory lacks understanding of consumer motivation, some economists restrict its use to understanding business behavior where goals are usually very clear. Although models used in rational choice theory are diverse, all assume individuals choose the best action according to unchanging and stable preference  functions and constraints facing them. Most models have additional assumptions. However, it may not be possible to empirically test or falsify the rationality assumption, so that the theory leans heavily toward being a  tautology  (true by definition) since there is no effort to explain individual goals. Nonetheless,  empirical  tests can be conducted on some of the results derived from the models. In recent years the theoretical vision of rational choice theory has been subject to more and more doubt by the experimental results of  behavioral economics. This criticism has encouraged many social scientists to utilize concepts of  bounded rationality  to replace the absolute rationality of rational choice theory: this points to the difficulties of data-processing and decision-making associated with many choices in economics, political science, and sociology. More economists these days are learning from other fields, such as  psychology, in order to get a more accurate view of human decision-making than offered by rational choice theory. Because of the relative success of economics at understanding markets, rational choice theory has also become increasingly employed in  social sciences  other than  economics, such as  sociology  and political science in recent decades. It has had far-reaching impacts on the study of  political science, especially in fields like the study of interest groups, elections, behavior in legislatures, coalitions, and  bureaucracy. Models that rely on rational choice theory often adopt  methodological individualism, the assumption that social situations or collective behaviors are the result of individual actions alone, with no role for larger institutions.. The poor fit between this and sociological conceptions of social situations partially explains the theorys limited use in  sociology. Among other things, sociologys emphasis on the determination of individual tastes and perspectives by social institutions conflicts with rational choice theorys assumption that our tastes and perspectives are given and inexplicable. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The conceptual framework discussed the flow of the study to be taken. This study used the closed-system approached the system of three-frame is composed of input, which went through the process or operation and merged as the output. The first frame is the input that contains the determinants which are the inflation rate and unemployment rate as an independent variable. We consider these two variables as our determinants because when inflation occurs money losses value it much harder for individuals to survive and the work they put into earnings the money is abused and destroyed. Inflation is an side effect of inflation is that it causes citizens to act towards each other causing high crime rate. That is why we consider the index crime rate as our dependent variable. The second frame is the process which contains the method to be used by researcher the multiple regression analysis. This method will serve as a statistical technique that shows the individual effects of several explanatory variables as a single variable. The third frame is the output. It contains the possible outcome of the study s a result of the process that was done by the researcher which is the effect of inflation and unemployment rate on index crime rate. Figure 1 FEEDBACK The arrow includes the workflow of information in the research paper. The feedback loop connects the input to process included as well as to the output and it made the system continuous. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This research study aims to determine the effect of inflation and unemployment rate on index crime rate, case of National Capital Region by year 1989-2008. The research seeks the possible foundation of the research problem and it could establish by the following questions: 1. What are the two key determinants that can affect index crime rate? 1. 1 inflation 2. 1. 1 wage inflation 2. 1 unemployment 2. How does wage inflation affect unemployment rate? 3. What is the impact of inflation and unemployment rate on index crime rate? 4. Is there any significant relationship between inflation and unemployment rate with crime rate on the National Capital Region by the year 1989-2008? HYPOTHESIS There is no significant relationship between inflation and unemployment. * There is significant effect between unemployment rate and index crime rate on National Capital Region by year 1989-2008. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The researcher carried out the studies of the relationship between economic conditions such as inflation and unemployment as predictors of crime rate. The study on crime has generated a substantial volume of literate. The economics profes sion has analyzed the determinants of criminal behavior from both the theoretical and the empirical points of view. This research study will try to make out something credible which goes with our topic about effect of inflation and unemployment rate to index crime rate. The works fits within a growing economic literature on crime and give contribution that shed light on this particular study. We as a researcher will gather some data to analyze this particular topic and will try to find out better solutions that others can rely on. This study is anticipated to contribute additional information to serve the following individuals and organizations. Individual as well as the society especially residents of the National Capital Region will be benefited from this research study because through this they will become more aware that some economic problems breeds a misery such as crime. Policy maker will gain something from this study because it could be utilized as a basis for adoption measures that would be able to reduce inflation rate, unemployment rate and index crime rate especially the crime against property such as robbery and theft. It is recommended that policy maker should focus on the stabilization of the economy because it has significant influence on the variation of crime rate. This study will also create a contribution to economic students relevant into on how the government seek some investigation about this economic problem. Other researchers will also be benefited by this study because it can be an effective tool and reference for them which could attempt to make any further relevant study particularly the present and future economist. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The focus of the study is to determine the effect of wage inflation and unemployment rate on index crime rate. The conducting area of the study will be the National Capital Region (NCR) covering the period of 1989-2008. Only limited number of potential influences on crime is be qualified so that not all influencing factors can be addressed since the study formulated a statistical model. The study makes use of time series observation. The study will be using secondary data which gives an accurate data measuring the two economic circumstances such as real wage and unemployment together with crime. By the use of real wage data, we can get the wage inflation. Data will be base on the Philippine Statistical Yearbook, publications of the National Statistical Coordination Board and from the National Statistics Office. Accurate and reliable resources are the things that the researcher will need and use to have a credible and informative research study DEFINITION OF TERMS Crime   is the breach of rules or  laws  for which some  governing authority  (via mechanisms such as  legal systems) can ultimately prescribe a  conviction. Individual human societies may each define crime and crimes differently. While every crime violates the law, not every violation of the law counts as a crime; for example: breaches  and of other  civil law  may rank as offences or as infractions. Modern societies generally regard crimes as offenses against the public or the state, distinguished from  torts  (offenses against private parties that can give rise to a civil cause of action). https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Crime Crime rate  is the ratio of crimes in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year. https://www. thefreedictionary. com/crime+rate Index crimes are those violations of the penal code considered to have socio-economic significance, and occur with sufficient regularity to be meaningful. These include crime vs. person (murder, homicide, physical injury and rape), and crime vs. property ( robbery and theft). All other crimes are classified as non-index crime. Inflation  is a rise in the general  level of prices  of goods and services in an  economy  over a period of time. When the price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation is also erosion in the  purchasing power  of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy. Inflation rate is a chief measure of price inflation, the annualized percentage change in a general  price index  (normally the  Consumer Price Index) over time. Phillips curve is a historical inverse relationship between the rate of  unemployment  and the rate of  inflation  in an economy. Stated simply, the lower the unemployment in an economy, the higher the rate of  inflation. While it has been observed that there is a stable short run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation, this has not been observed in the long run. Wage  is compensation, usually financial, received by workers  in exchange  for their  labor. Compensation in terms of wages is given to  workers  and compensation in terms of  salary  is given to  employees. Wage Rate is the rate  of  pay  based on  per  unit  of  production  or per  period of work time on the  job. Real wages  refers to wages that have been adjusted for  inflation. This term is used in contrast to  nominal  wages or unadjusted wages. Unemployment  occurs when a person is able and willing to work but currently without  work. The prevalence of unemployment is usually measured using the unemployment rate, which is defined as the percentage of those in the  labor force  who are unemployed. Unemployment rate is the percentage of  the total  labor force  that  is unemployed but actively seeking employment and willing to work. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE STUDIES This chapter provides deeper understanding of the effect of inflation and unemployment rate on index crime rate. Using related literature and studies, researchers will have a better insights and perspective towards the existing problem. FOREIGN LITERATURE The literature on Economics of Crime sprang from the seminal contribution by Becker (1968) and Ehrlich (1973). In 1968, Becker presented a paper which changed the way of thinking about criminal behaviour. He was the one who built first model of criminal choice stressing that â€Å"some individuals become criminals because of the financial and other rewards from crime compared to legal work, taking account of the likelihood of apprehension and conviction, and the severity of punishment. † The Becker’s paper opened the door to a new field of empirical research whose main purpose was to verify and study the socioeconomic variables that affect crime. Numerous subsequent empirical papers have attempted to test the predictions of the Becker-Ehrlich model, and to find out whether the magnitude of the unemployment effect is quantitatively important. The hallmark of this literature is its failure to reach consensus as to whether higher levels of unemployment lead to a greater incidence of crime. In a survey of the literature, Box (1987) reports 35 reliable studies on the topic, 20 of which find a positive relationship between unemployment and crime, with the remainder unable to find any such relationship. Steven D. Levitt, author of the best-selling book â€Å"Freakonomics,† provides insight on the reasons for the decline in crime in his article, â€Å"Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not. He agrees with Becker that improvements in labor market opportunities have a relevant impact on crime when there is a financial incentive to commit. He adds that a â€Å"one percent increase in the unemployment rate accounts for a one percent increase in property crimes,† indicating the common use of a double-log regression in past research. However, he does impress upon the reader that increased spending on police and prisons through state and local government budgets is where the economy has the most impact on crime. What appears to have no effect on the decline in crime is the threat of execution and increased gun control laws. He shows in his research that the four factors that do explain the decline are the increase in police force, in prison populations, in the crack epidemic, and the controversial legalization of abortion. The economics of crime interacts with different and heterogeneous fields, i. e. (Sociology, Criminology, Psychology, Geography and Demography) and it is closely related to poverty, social exclusion, wage and income inequality, cultural and family background, level of education and other economic and socio-demographic factors that may affect an individual’s propensity to commit crime such as age, gender and urbanization. Economics of crime has become a new field of investigation, particularly due to the fact that there has been a rapid increase in criminal activities in various western and eastern countries of the world. There is a vast amount of literature available on the relationship between crime and their major determinants in countries like United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. Some studies are also conducted which have analyzed the determinants of crime in Latin American countries such as Colombia and Argentina, e. g. Buohanno (2003). Much research up to now has concluded that violent crime, as opposed to burglary and theft, is pro-cyclical, or higher in good times. This aggregate picture can arise if other crime-driving influences are disregarded. One prime candidate is alcohol consumption, which is higher in good times, but on the other hand is a hefty determinant of all sorts of crime rates. And there are other ‘omitted variables’ that have to be taken into account when analyzing overall crime figures. One is the interaction between crime and joblessness, for the former can also cause the latter. This is a result of what the authors call the ‘scarring effects effect of incarceration or a greater reluctance among the criminally initiated to accept legitimate employment†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the authors properly take care of these statistical problems, they find a positive impact of unemployment on property crime as well as violent crime. LOCAL LITERATURE Despite some improvement in law and order, crime remained a major problem through the end of the 1980s. Police attributed the countrys chronic crime problems to a variety of social and cultural factors. Widespread poverty and rapid population growth were frequently cited. Population pressures and a shortage of land and jobs in rural areas had produced a steady internal migration to the cities. This urbanization of a traditionally agrarian society was commonly mentioned as cause for increased crime rates. According to the police, the incidence of serious crime escalated through the early 1980s, from approximately 250 crimes per 100,000 population in 1979, to a sustained level of around 310 during 1984 through 1987, then declined in 1988 and 1989. In 1988 the crime rate dipped below 300 crimes per 100,000 people, then fell dramatically in 1989 to 251 crimes per 100,000 citizens. Because of differing reporting practices and degrees of coverage, it was difficult to compare Philippine crime rates to those of other countries. Government officials attributed the decrease in crime to improved police work, but economic conditions appeared to be as important. The deterioration in law and order during the early and mid-1980s accompanied a steadily worsening economy, whereas the improvement in the late 1980s paralleled renewed economic growth under Aquino. Not surprisingly, crime rates were highest in major urban areas, where unemployment was the highest. Regionally, peninsular southern Luzon, the western Visayan islands, and portions of Mindanaoimpoverished rural areas where insurgents were activehad the most criminal activity in the mid-1980s. . FOREIGN STUDIES A Discussion Paper published for the Centre for Economic Policy Research by two economists, Steven Raphael of the University of California at San Diego and Rudolf Winter-Ebmer of the University of Linz, finds support for the view held by most people that when they are out of a job they are more likely to steal because the risks seem more worthwhile. The writers find a significant positive, but also quantitatively large, impact of unemployment on several crime categories. A study by the Heritage Foundation found that â€Å"For every 1 percent increase in civilian labor force participation, violent crime is expected to decrease by 8. 8 incidents per 100,000† people. In other words, when more people are employed, violent crimes decrease. A survey by the Bureau of Justice Statistics reported that 33 percent of state prisoners and 26 percent of federal prisoners in 1991 were unemployed at the time of their arrest. Researchers who reviewed crime and unemployment rates from 1979 to 1993 fount that the unemployment rate of non college-educated men was responsible for 24 percent of the total increase in property crime and 8 percent of the increase in violent crime during this time period. Much research up to now has concluded that violent crime, as opposed to burglary and theft, is pro-cyclical, or higher in good times. This aggregate picture can arise if other crime-driving influences are disregarded. One prime candidate is alcohol consumption, which is higher in good times, but on the other hand is a hefty determinant of all sorts of crime rates. And there are other ‘omitted variables’ that have to be taken into account when analyzing overall crime figures. One is the interaction between crime and joblessness, for the former can also cause the latter. This is a result of what the authors call the ‘scarring effects effect of incarceration or a greater reluctance among the criminally initiated to accept legitimate employment†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the authors properly take care of these statistical problems, they find a positive impact of unemployment on property crime as well as violent crime. The statistics used for the study are taken from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports across the US from 1970 to 1993. They are then broken down according to types of crime and adjusted for poverty and demographic components. The authors note that in a later period, 1992 to 1996, a period when unemployment was falling, there was a dramatic fall in all types of crime. . The authors conclude that if there were improved job prospects for jobless workers, particularly in inner cities, further declines in crime rates would be achieved. Fleisher (1966) studied the role of income on the decision to commit criminal acts by individuals. The author stated that the principal theoretical reason for believing that low income increases the tendency to commit crime is that the probable cost of getting caught is relatively low. It is because of the reason that low income individuals view their legitimate lifetime earning prospects dismally they may expect to lose relatively little earning potential by acquiring criminal records. They feel that not only legitimate earnings are ‘low’ but also the opportunity cost of time actually spent in delinquent activity, or in jail, is low. Becker (1968) presented a model based on costs and benefits. His approach was formed from the usual analysis of the expected utility; that persons will commit crime or offence if they presume that their utility will be greater than if they used their time and resources in some other activity. Ehrlich (1973) considers that unemployment has its effects on crime rate. He says that unemployment rate can be viewed as a complementary indicator of income opportunities available in the legal labour market. Therefore, when unemployment rate increases, the opportunities in the legal sector decrease leading individuals to involve in criminal activities. Fajnzylber et al. (2002) using simple correlations, OLS regressions anddynamic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) for panel data show that both income inequality and crime rate are positively related. Lee (2002) examines the relationship between labour market conditions and various crime series in three Asia-Pacific countries, Australia, Japan and South Korea. Johansen maximum likelihood cointegration and Granger causality tests were applied to time series data to see the existence of longrun equilibrium or a causal link between unemployment and crime variables. The results of the study rovide a strong support for a long-run equilibrium relationship between unemployment and various crime series. Coomer Nicole (2003) undertook a study to examine the influence of macroeconomic factors on crime. He applied OLS regression to find out the results. In his analysis, he first included unemployment, poverty, prison population, high school and college education level and income disparities as independent variables and run the regression to get the relationship. He then dropped the insignificant variables and rerun the regression and found that unemployment, inflation and poverty influence crime positively. Gumus (2004) uses large US city data to empirically investigate the determinants of crime in urban areas using OLS regression technique. The results indicate that income inequality, per capita income, and presence of black population are all important determinants of crime in urban areas. Unemployment rate and police expenditures have also important effect in the determination of crime. Teles (2004) investigate the effects of macroeconomic policies on crime. He points out that monetary and fiscal policy have an impact on crime. His results show that fiscal policies affect crime through government spending and monetary policy affects crime through inflation. LOCAL STUDIES The Philippines, being a developing country, is not exempted from occurrences of crimes. Newspapers and television news updates are loaded with all sorts of â€Å"misbehavior†: murder, rape, theft, robbery and others. Crime volume is the number of crime incidents per 100,000 population. Total Crime volume for the last four years has been fluctuating. It registered 80,108 in 2000, 76,991 in 2001, 85,776 in 2002 and 83,704 in 2003. For the period January to November 2004, the total crime volume registered is 8. 5% lower compared with the same period last year. Out of the total crime volume, 55% are index crimes and the rest are non index crimes. In terms of crime rate, the 7. 84 crime rate per 100,000 population for January to November 2004 reflected a decrease of 10. 2% compared with the 8. 73 crime rate for the same period in 2003. There is also a decrease of 1. 3% in the overall crime solution efficiency, from 91. 19% in January to November 2003 to 90% in January to November of 2004. Total crime volume was highest in the National Capital Region (NCR) comprising 23. % of the total crime volume nationwide. Crimes in the metropolitan area were prevalent in the highly urbanized cities of Quezon, Manila and Caloocan. Index crime volume from January to November of 2004 was recorded at 39,400. This year it is 39,126 which shows a 0. 70% reduction. Among the classification of index crimes, 57% are crimes against per sons and 43% are crimes against property. Among the 17 regions, NCR registered the highest index crime volume. Index crimes (murder, homicide, physical injuries, rape, robbery and theft) were widespread in Quezon City, Manila and Caloocan City. The theft volume last year was figured at 9,033, while this year it exhibited an upsurge to 9,892 incidents of an increase of 9. 5%. For the same period, non-index crimes reduced by 16. 5% compared with last year. Among the regions NCR registered the highest in Quezon City, Caloocan and Manila. Many authorities in the field of criminal justice say that poverty is a major cause of crime. This is not of course to say that it follows that a person who wallows in wealth cannot be a criminal. Many crimes are committed even by the rich. Furthermore, many people mired in poverty, have remained respectable and exemplary citizens. It is evident that poverty Per Se is not the only reason or cause but it is a major predispositive factor. Nonetheless, the problem of massive poverty is the primary breeding ground or root cause of crime in countries similarly situated as the Philippines. Its concomitant deprivations and hardships are unemployment, underemployment, low income and productivity, malnutrition, big families, rapid population growth rates, and low standard of living. Crime rate appears to be notably higher in poorer neighbourhoods and in areas with high population density, deteriorated living conditions and unemployment problems. People resort to crimes on the street to alleviate or escape from their miseries and frustrations or to answer a need. Illustrative examples are parents who sell their children to paedophiles or a father who resorts to robbery just so he could buy medicine for his sick son. The urban poor are also plagued by among others, the high cost of living, financial difficulties, unstable jobs, lack of capital, limited educational opportunities, inadequate health and sanitation, and inadequate housing. National and local government planners and implementers therefore face increasing demands for urban services like public transportation, garbage collection, piped water, electricity, schools, health and transportation. A deterioration of living conditions in urban areas has produced its share of crime, juvenile delinquency, drug addiction, prostitution, mental illness, physical disability, suicides, family and personal disorganization, environmental degradation, pollution, garbage and sewerage disposals, and traffic jams and congestion. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN This research employed the descriptive approach in the study which according to Zulueta , et all. Focus at the present conditions in order to find new truth such as increased quantity or knowledge, a new â€Å"law†, increased insights into factors which are operating the discovery of more accurate formulation of the problem to be solved. As emphasized by John Best (1990) the descriptive method is concerned with the condition on relationships that exists; practices that prevail; beliefs, points of view are attitudes that are held; processes that are developing. The descriptive method was used to describe and analyze the obtained data. SOURCES OF DATA The researcher made used of data gathered from National Statistics Office (NSO) National Statistics Coordination Board (NSCB) TREATMENT OF DATA The data to be gathered will be presented in tabular and graphical forms to be supported by statistical techniques. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA CREATING EVALUATING REGRESSION MODEL CR= ? 0+? 1UE+ ? 2WI+? WHERE: CR= crime rate UE= unemployment rate WI= wage inflation ?=error HYPOTHESIS TESTING TEST OF OVERALL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE REGRESSION Test of overall significance is used to determine the ratio of the unexplained or residual variance. It follows the F- distribution with k-1 n-k degrees of freedom, where n is the number of observation and k is the number of parameters estimated. The computed F—ratio is compared with the critical F-ratio and the result was determined accordingly whether the model is statistically significant or not using the one percent level of significance. Fk-1,n-k= R2(k-1)(1-R2)(n-k) 1. TEST OF CORRELATION Coefficient Determination ( R2) The coefficient Determination provides a measure of how well future outcomes are likely to be predicted by model. R2=1- e2y2 Adjusted R2 : A high- adjusted R2 explains that variation in crime is indeed explained by explanatory variable. R=1-1-R2(n-1n-k) 2. TEST OF AUTOCORRELATION Durbin-Watson Statistics It will test the presence of autocorrelation in the residuals from regression analysis. d= t=2T(et-et-1)2t=1Tet2 DURBIN WATSON DECISION RULE (Guajarati, 2003) NULL HYPOTHESIS| DECISION| IF:| No positive autocorrelation| Reject| 0

Topic For A Persuasive Essay - Writing An Effective Argument

<h1>Topic For A Persuasive Essay - Writing An Effective Argument</h1><p>The subject for an enticing article for 6th graders is one of the most fundamental parts of composing a compelling paper. It is simpler to make a triumphant contention with a decent subject, and it's certainly simpler to build up a triumphant contention on the off chance that you have a decent topic.</p><p></p><p>What can 6th graders expound on? A decent subject for a convincing article is anything about which the understudy has some information, including things like history, geology, religion, and science. The exposition ought not be a heap of true data about the topic.</p><p></p><p>You should give instances of subjects that have been utilized in papers previously. You ought to incorporate enough data to permit understudies to get intrigued by what you will expound on. Understudies need to discover some new information, and in the event that they know nothing about your subject, they will have no inspiration to find out additional. Giving them enough data to assist them with making up their own personalities is helpful.</p><p></p><p>Always start with catchphrases, as this will make the exposition additionally fascinating and simple to peruse. Catchphrases are fundamentally the most significant things that can be found in the paper. The understudies won't discover any data about the theme, except if they know the watchwords. Watchwords must be consolidated into the writing.</p><p></p><p>When you are thinking about the subject of your exposition, record all the catchphrases. These are the ones that understudies will utilize when they are looking for data on the subject. Furthermore, record some other word or expression that might be a catchphrase, for example, an idea, idea or thought, which is something critical to assist understudies with getting a handle on the topic.</p&g t;<p></p><p>Use numbers to get understudies to connect with the paper. Numbers will permit the understudies to relate their inclinations to what you are expounding on. You ought to have understudies contrast their inclinations with those of the theme. This will assist understudies with understanding why they are finding out about the subject, and it will likewise assist them with relating their inclinations to the exposition topic.</p><p></p><p>Provide enough data for understudies to return and audit the paper, particularly when they read it from a book or as a PC record. Your subject for a powerful article must be convincing to such an extent that understudies can hardly wait to peruse your paper just because. The more data you give in your article, the more intrigue the understudies will have.</p><p></p><p>The seventh grade paper subject for a convincing exposition is one of the most significant parts of composing a n enticing article. Expound on points that intrigue to the interests of your understudies, and you won't just have the option to convince them, however you will likewise build up an enduring impression about your work.</p>

Essay Topics For High School Students

<h1>Essay Topics For High School Students</h1><p>The best paper themes for secondary school understudies will be the ones that an understudy can associate with. Paper themes will be diverse for every understudy, except the explanation you have to consider a subject that an understudy can identify with is that they will improve grade on an article on the off chance that they feel like their exposition is pertinent to the class. They'll comprehend why the teacher or others in the class are evaluating the paper and what makes it not the same as others.</p><p></p><p>When searching for article points for secondary school understudies, there are a few things you should remember. Prior to composing the article, set aside some effort to record thoughts and see what rings a bell when you start to compose. At the point when an understudy is compelled to write a subject down that they don't feel like they need to expound on, it will take up a ton of tim e.</p><p></p><p>When searching for exposition themes for secondary school understudies, one of the main things that you ought to consider is whether you will compose your article toward the finish of the semester or the start of the semester. Expositions are composed dependent on what the instructor needs. The motivation behind why you are going to need to settle on a theme that you're going to need to expound on is on the grounds that you would prefer not to burn through the teacher's time when you're simply attempting to gain some new useful knowledge. In the event that you have time on your hands, at that point this is the ideal time to take some time and discover paper subjects for secondary school students.</p><p></p><p>A understudy who has a great deal of time on their hands will find that they can assemble their own expositions and compose from their heart. At the point when an understudy has a ton of spare time, they may even t hink about beginning a blog and offering their contemplations to the world. Composing individual papers is something that happens just a single time, so on the off chance that you truly need to make the most of it you ought to consider making it personal.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise consider the subject of the article when you're searching for exposition themes for secondary school understudies. In the event that the subject is an extracurricular action, you will need to avoid it and pick something that is increasingly proficient. For instance, if the paper will be utilized for praises, AP, or grant purposes you need to ensure that the article doesn't talk about the game or take part in it.</p><p></p><p>For exposition subjects for secondary school understudies, it's likewise a smart thought to find out about the theme a tad. At the point when you have a superior comprehension of what the subject is, you will have the option to a ssociate with your exposition. On the off chance that you know all the guidelines of the game, at that point you will have the option to fill in the spaces when you're composing an essay.</p><p></p><p>When you're composing a paper, it's imperative to ensure that you don't rehash things. By looking into the point you're expounding on, you'll have the option to compose an incredible article. The most ideal approach to gain some new useful knowledge is to peruse it through a few times until you have a total comprehension of it.</p><p></p><p>Overall, exposition points for secondary school understudies can be fun and simple to compose. All that you need to do is invest some energy contemplating the theme that you will expound on and afterward let your brain go to work. At that point you can return to accomplishing your class work when the day is done.</p>

Frostbite Chapter 8 Free Essays

string(21) " long time with him\." Eight Christian was kissing her, and wow, was it a kiss. He wasn’t messing around. It was the kind of kiss that small children shouldn’t be allowed to see. We will write a custom essay sample on Frostbite Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hell, it was the kind of kiss no one should be allowed to see- let alone experience through a psychic link. As I’ve noted before, strong emotion from Lissa could make this phenomenon happen- the one where I got pulled inside her head. But always, always, it was because of some negative emotion. She’d get upset or angry or depressed, and that would reach out to me. But this time? She wasn’t upset. She was happy. Very, very happy. Oh man. I needed to get out of here. They were up in the attic of the school’s chapel or, as I liked to call it, their love nest. The place had been a regular hangout for them, back when each of them was feeling antisocial and wanted to escape. Eventually, they’d decided to be antisocial together, and one thing had led to another. Since they started publicly dating, I hadn’t known they spent much time here anymore. Maybe they were back for old time’s sake. And indeed, a celebration did seem to be going on. Little scented candles were set up around the dusty old place, candles that filled the air with the scent of lilacs. I would have been a little nervous about setting all those candles in a confined space filled with flammable boxes and books, but Christian probably figured he could control any accidental infernos. They finally broke that insanely long kiss and pulled back to look at each other. They lay on their sides on the floor. Several blankets had been spread under them. Christian’s face was open and tender as he regarded Lissa, his pale blue eyes aglow with some inner emotion. It was different from the way Mason regarded me. There was certainly adoration with him, but Mason’s was a lot like when you walk into a church and fall to your knees in awe and fear of something you worship but don’t really understand. Christian clearly worshipped Lissa in his way, but there was a knowing glint to his eyes, a sense that the two of them shared an understanding of each other so perfect and powerful that they didn’t even need words to convey it. â€Å"Don’t you think we’re going to go to hell for this?† asked Lissa. He reached out and touched her face, trailing his fingers along her cheek and neck and down to the top of her silky shirt. She breathed heavily at that touch, at the way it could be so gentle and small, yet evoke such a strong passion within her. â€Å"For this?† He played with the shirt’s edge, letting his finger just barely brush inside of it. â€Å"No,† she laughed. â€Å"For this.† She gestured around the attic. â€Å"This is a church. We shouldn’t be doing this kind of, um, thing up here.† â€Å"Not true,† he argued. Gently, he pushed her onto her back and leaned over her. â€Å"The church is downstairs. This is just storage. God won’t mind.† â€Å"You don’t believe in God,† she chastised. Her hands made their way down his chest. Her movements were as light and deliberate as his, yet they clearly triggered the same powerful response in him. He sighed happily as her hands slid under his shirt and up his stomach. â€Å"I’m humoring you.† â€Å"You’d say anything right now,† she accused. Her fingers caught the edge of his shirt and pushed it up. He shifted so she could push it all the way off him and then leaned back over her, bare-chested. â€Å"You’re right,† he agreed. He carefully undid one button on her blouse. Just one. Then he again leaned down and gave her one of those hard, deep kisses. When he came up for air, he continued on as though nothing had happened. â€Å"Tell me what you need to hear, and I’ll say it.† He unfastened another button. â€Å"There’s nothing I need to hear,† she laughed. Another button popped free. â€Å"You can tell me whatever you want- it’d just be nice if it were true.† â€Å"The truth, huh? No one wants to hear the truth. The truth is never sexy. But you †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The last button came undone, and he spread her shirt away. â€Å"You are too goddamned sexy to be real.† His words held his trademark snarky tone, but his eyes conveyed a different message entirely. I was witnessing this scene through Lissa’s eyes, but I could imagine what he saw. Her smooth, white skin. Slender waist and hips. A lacy white bra. Through her, I could feel that the lace was itchy, but she didn’t care. Feelings both fond and hungry spread over his features. From within Lissa, I could feel her heart race and breathing quicken. Emotions similar to Christian’s clouded all other coherent thoughts. Shifting down, he lay on top of her, pressing their bodies together. His mouth sought hers out again, and as their lips and tongues made contact, I knew I had to get out of there. Because I understood it now. I understood why Lissa had dressed up and why the love nest had been decked out like a Yankee Candles showroom. This was it. The moment. After a month of dating, they were going to have sex. Lissa, I knew, had done it before with a past boyfriend. I didn’t know Christian’s past, but I sincerely doubted many girls had fallen prey to his abrasive charm. But in feeling what Lissa felt, I could tell that none of that mattered. Not in that moment. In that moment, there were only the two of them and the way they felt about each other right now. And in a life filled with more worries than someone her age should have had, Lissa felt absolutely certain about what she was doing now. It was what she wanted. What she’d wanted for a very long time with him. You read "Frostbite Chapter 8" in category "Essay examples" And I had no right to be witnessing it. Who was I kidding? I didn’t want to witness it. I took no pleasure in watching other people get it on, and I sure as hell didn’t want to experience sex with Christian. It’d be like losing my virginity virtually. But Jesus Christ, Lissa wasn’t making it easy to get out of her head. She had no desire to detach from her feelings and emotions, and the stronger they grew, the stronger they held me. Trying to distance myself from her, I focused my energies on coming back to myself, concentrating as hard as I could. More clothes disappeared †¦ Come on, come on, I told myself sternly. The condom came out†¦ yikes. You’re your own person, Rose. Get back in your head. Their limbs intertwined, their bodies moving together †¦ Son of a- I ripped out of her and back to myself. Once again, I was back in my room, but I no longer had any interest in packing my backpack. My whole world was askew. I felt strange and violated- almost unsure if I was Rose or if I was Lissa. I also felt that resentment toward Christian again. I certainly didn’t want to have sex with Lissa, but there was that same pang inside of me, that frustrated feeling that I was no longer the center of her world. Leaving the backpack untouched, I went right to bed, wrapping my arms around myself and curling into a ball to try to squelch the ache within my chest. I fell asleep pretty quickly and woke up early as a result. Usually, I had to be dragged out of bed to go meet Dimitri, but today I showed up early enough that I actually beat him to the gym. As I waited, I saw Mason cutting across to one of the buildings that held classrooms. â€Å"Whoa,† I called. â€Å"Since when are you up this early?† â€Å"Since I had to retake a math test,† he said, walking over to me. He gave me his mischievous smile. â€Å"Might be worth skipping, though, to hang out with you.† I laughed, remembering my conversation with Lissa. Yes, there were definitely worse things I could do than flirt and start something with Mason. â€Å"Nah. You might get in trouble, then I’d have no real challenge on the slopes.† He rolled his eyes, still smiling. â€Å"I’m the one with no real challenge, remember?† â€Å"You ready to bet on something yet? Or are you still too afraid?† â€Å"Watch it,† he warned, â€Å"or I might take back your Christmas present.† â€Å"You got me a present?† I hadn’t expected that. â€Å"Yup. But if you keep back-talking, I might give it to someone else.† â€Å"Like Meredith?† I teased. â€Å"She isn’t even in your league, and you know it.† â€Å"Even with a black eye?† I asked with a grimace. â€Å"Even with two black eyes.† The look he gave me just then wasn’t teasing or even really suggestive. It was just nice. Nice, friendly, and interested. Like he really cared. After all the stress lately, I decided I liked being cared about. And with the neglect I was starting to feel from Lissa, I realized I also kind of liked having someone who wanted to pay so much attention to me. â€Å"What are you doing on Christmas?† I asked. He shrugged. â€Å"Nothing. My mom almost came down but had to cancel at the last minute †¦ you know, with everything that happened.† Mason’s mother wasn’t a guardian. She was a dhampir who’d chosen to just be domestic and have kids. As a result, I knew he saw her quite a bit. It was ironic, I thought, that my mom actually was here, but for all intents and purposes, she might as well have been somewhere else. â€Å"Come hang with me,† I said on impulse. â€Å"I’ll be with Lissa and Christian and his aunt. It’ll be fun.† â€Å"Really?† â€Å"Very fun.† â€Å"That’s not what I was asking about.† I grinned. â€Å"I know. Just be there, okay?† He swept me one of the gallant bows he liked to make. â€Å"Absolutely.† Mason wandered off just as Dimitri showed up for our practice. Talking to Mason had made me feel giddy and happy; I hadn’t thought about my face at all with him. But with Dimitri, I suddenly became self-conscious. I didn’t want to be anything less than perfect with him, and as we walked inside, I went out of my way to avert my face so he couldn’t look at me full-on. Worrying about that brought my mood down, and as it plummeted, all the other things that had been upsetting me came tumbling back. We returned to the training room with the dummies, and he told me he simply wanted me to practice the maneuvers from two days ago. Happy he wasn’t going to bring up the fight, I set to my task with a burning zeal, showing the dummies just what would happen if they messed with Rose Hathaway. I knew my fighting fury was fired up by more than just a simple desire to do well. My feelings were out of control this morning, raw and intense after both the fight with my mother and what I’d witnessed with Lissa and Christian last night. Dimitri sat back and watched me, occasionally critiquing my technique and offering suggestions for new tactics. â€Å"Your hair’s in the way,† he said at one point. â€Å"Not only are you blocking your peripheral vision, you’re running the risk of letting your enemy get a handhold.† â€Å"If I’m actually in a fight, I’ll wear it up.† I grunted as I shoved the stake neatly up between the dummy’s â€Å"ribs.† I didn’t know what these artificial bones were made of, but they were a bitch to work around. I thought about my mom again and added a little extra force to the jab. â€Å"I’m just wearing it down today, that’s all.† â€Å"Rose,† he said warningly. Ignoring him, I plunged again. His voice came more sharply the next time he spoke. â€Å"Rose. Stop.† I backed away from the dummy, surprised to find my breathing labored. I hadn’t realized I was working that hard. My back hit the wall. With nowhere to go, I looked away from him, directing my eyes toward the ground. â€Å"Look at me,† he ordered. â€Å"Dimitri- â€Å" â€Å"Look at me.† No matter our close history, he was still my instructor. I couldn’t refuse a direct order. Slowly, reluctantly, I turned toward him, still tilting my head slightly down so the hair hung over the sides of my face. Rising from his chair, he walked over and stood before me. I avoided his eyes but saw his hand move forward to brush back my hair. Then it stopped. As did my breathing. Our short-lived attraction had been filled with questions and reservations, but one thing I’d known for sure: Dimitri had loved my hair. Maybe he still loved it. It was great hair, I’ll admit. Long and silky and dark. He used to find excuses to touch it, and he’d counseled me against cutting it as so many female guardians did. His hand hovered there, and the world stood still as I waited to see what he would do. After what seemed like an eternity, he let his hand gradually fall back to his side. Burning disappointment washed over me, yet at the same time, I’d learned something. He’d hesitated. He’d been afraid to touch me, which maybe- just maybe- meant he still wanted to. He’d had to hold himself back. I slowly tipped my head back so that we made eye contact. Most of my hair fell back from my face- but not all. His hand trembled again, and I hoped again he’d reach forward. The hand steadied. My excitement dimmed. â€Å"Does it hurt?† he asked. The scent of that aftershave, mingled with his sweat, washed over me. God, I wished he had touched me. â€Å"No,† I lied. â€Å"It doesn’t look so bad,† he told me. â€Å"It’ll heal.† â€Å"I hate her,† I said, astonished at just how much venom those three words held. Even while suddenly turned on and wanting Dimitri, I still couldn’t drop the grudge I held against my mother. â€Å"No, you don’t,† he said gently. â€Å"I do.† â€Å"You don’t have time to hate anyone,† he advised, his voice still kind. â€Å"Not in our profession. You should make peace with her.† Lissa had said exactly the same thing. Outrage joined my other emotions. That darkness within me started to unfurl. â€Å"Make peace with her? After she gave me a black eye on purpose! Why am I the only one who sees how crazy that is?† â€Å"She absolutely did not do it on purpose,† he said, voice hard. â€Å"No matter how much you resent her, you have to believe that. She wouldn’t do that, and anyway, I saw her later that day. She was worried about you.† â€Å"Probably more worried someone will bring her up on child abuse charges,† I grumbled. â€Å"Don’t you think this is the time of year for forgiveness?† I sighed loudly. â€Å"This isn’t a Christmas special! This is my life. In the real world, miracles and goodness just don’t happen.† He was still eyeing my calmly. â€Å"In the real world, you can make your own miracles.† My frustration suddenly hit a breaking point, and I gave up trying to maintain my control. I was so tired of being told reasonable, practical things whenever something went wrong in my life. Somewhere in me, I knew Dimitri only wanted to help, but I just wasn’t up for the well-meant words. I wanted comfort for my problems. I didn’t want to think about what would make me a better person. I wished he’d just hold me and tell me not to worry. â€Å"Okay, can you just stop this for once?† I demanded, hands on my hips. â€Å"Stop what?† â€Å"The whole profound Zen crap thing. You don’t talk to me like a real person. Everything you say is just some wise, life-lesson nonsense. You really do sound like a Christmas special.† I knew it wasn’t entirely fair to take my anger out on him, but I found myself practically shouting. â€Å"I swear, sometimes it’s just like you want to hear yourself talk! And I know you’re not always this way. You were perfectly normal when you talked to Tasha. But with me? You’re just going through the motions. You don’t care about me. You’re just stuck in your stupid mentor role.† He stared at me, uncharacteristically surprised. â€Å"I don’t care about you?† â€Å"No.† I was being petty- very, very petty. And I knew the truth- that he did care and was more than just a mentor. I couldn’t help myself, though. It just kept coming and coming. I jabbed his chest with my finger. â€Å"I’m another student to you. You just go on and on with your stupid life lessons so that- â€Å" The hand I’d hoped would touch my hair suddenly reached out and grabbed my pointing hand. He pinned it to the wall, and I was surprised to see a flare of emotion in his eyes. It wasn’t exactly anger†¦but it was frustration of another kind. â€Å"Don’t tell me what I’m feeling,† he growled. I saw then that half of what I’d said was true. He was almost always calm, always in control- even when fighting. But he’d also told me how he’d once snapped and beaten up his Moroi father. He’d actually been like me once- always on the verge of acting without thinking, doing things he knew he shouldn’t. â€Å"That’s it, isn’t it?† I asked. â€Å"What?† â€Å"You’re always fighting for control. You’re the same as me.† â€Å"No,† he said, still obviously worked up. â€Å"I’ve learned my control.† Something about this new realization emboldened me. â€Å"No,† I informed him. â€Å"You haven’t. You put on a good face, and most of the time you do stay in control. But sometimes you can’t. And sometimes †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I leaned forward, lowering my voice. â€Å"Sometimes you don’t want to.† â€Å"Rose†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I could see his labored breathing and knew his heart was beating as quickly as mine. And he wasn’t pulling away. I knew this was wrong- knew all the logical reasons for us staying apart. But right then, I didn’t care. I didn’t want to control myself. I didn’t want to be good. Before he realized what was happening, I kissed him. Our lips met, and when I felt him kiss me back, I knew I was right. He pressed himself closer, trapping me between him and the wall. He kept holding my hand, but his other one snaked behind my head, sliding into my hair. The kiss was filled with so much intensity; it held anger, passion, release†¦. He was the one who broke it. He jerked away from me and took several steps back, looking shaken. â€Å"Do not do that again,† he said stiffly. â€Å"Don’t kiss me back then,† I retorted. He stared at me for what seemed like forever. â€Å"I don’t give ‘Zen lessons’ to hear myself talk. I don’t give them because you’re another student. I’m doing this to teach you control.† â€Å"You’re doing a great job,† I said bitterly. He closed his eyes for half a second, exhaled, and muttered something in Russian. Without another glance at me, he turned and left the room. How to cite Frostbite Chapter 8, Essay examples